Virunga National Park: A Journey to Africa’s Oldest Protected Area
Virunga National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage site and Africa’s oldest national park established in 1925. Covering over 7,800 square kilometers.
This park is one of the most biologically diverse protected areas on the planet offering a mosaic of landscapes ranging from snow-capped mountains and savannas to dense forests and active volcanoes.
Virunga is a paradise for nature enthusiasts, offering unique wildlife experiences, stunning scenery, and the chance to witness the raw power of the Earth itself through its active volcanoes.
Active Volcanoes in Virunga National Park
Virunga National Park is home to two of the most active volcanoes in Africa;
Mount Nyiragongo and Mount Nyamuragira. These volcanoes are part of the Virunga Mountain range which forms part of the Albertine Rift, a western branch of the East African Rift.
Mount Nyiragongo
This volcano, standing at 3,470 meters (11,384 feet), is famous for its large, active lava lake, one of the few in the world.
Its crater, about 2 kilometers wide, is filled with a roiling, fiery pool of lava that provides a spectacular sight, especially at night.
The most recent major eruption in 2021 devastated nearby communities, but the volcano remains a popular attraction for adventurers drawn to its unique geological features. Some of the attractions at mount Nyiragongo include;
The Lava Lake: Mount Nyiragongo’s lava lake, set in a 2-kilometer-wide crater, is a mesmerizing sight with its bubbling, fiery red and orange lava.
Especially stunning at night, the view from the rim is a once-in-a-lifetime experience.
Volcano Summit Hike: Hiking to Mount Nyiragongo’s summit takes 5–6 hours and offers diverse terrain from rainforests to rocky slopes.
Hikers enjoy panoramic views of the Virunga and Rwenzori Mountains and parts of Rwanda and Uganda, with unique flora and fauna along the way.
Overnight Camping at the Crater Rim: Camping on the volcano’s rim provides a unique experience with rustic cabins and a stunning view of the lava lake at night.
The contrast of the glowing lava against the starry sky offers excellent opportunities for photography.
Geological Marvels and Hot Springs: Nyiragongo’s lava is notably fluid and fast-moving, intriguing for geology enthusiasts.
The volcano also features hot springs with steam vents and bubbling pools along its slopes.
Mount Nyamuragira
Mount Nyamuragira is known for its frequent, dramatic eruptions, which produce massive lava fountains and flows that spread over large areas, reshaping the landscape.
Nyamuragira is Africa’s most active volcano, having erupted over 40 times since 1885. Its eruptions are characterized by lava fountains and flows that sometimes reach Lake Kivu.
While less visited than Nyiragongo, it remains an awe-inspiring sight for those interested in volcanology.
During an eruption visitors can safely witness this powerful display of nature and unforgettable experience.
Bird watchers can see rare species like the Rwenzori turaco and Grauer’s swamp warbler, while the forested slopes are home to wildlife such as bushbucks, monkeys, and occasionally elephants, adding excitement to your visit.
Visiting nearby volcano observatories allows you to learn about the monitoring and research of Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira.
You can gain insights into how volcanic activity is tracked, the technology used, and the measures taken to protect local communities.
Wildlife and Biodiversity in Virunga National Park
Virunga National Park is not just about volcanoes; it is also renowned for its incredible biodiversity. The park is home to about a quarter of the world’s endangered mountain gorillas.
Trekking to see these magnificent creatures in the dense jungles of the Mikeno sector is one of the park’s primary attractions.
The park also harbors other primates such as chimpanzees, golden monkeys, and olive baboons.
The savannah regions are inhabited by elephants, buffaloes, hippos, lions, and numerous antelope species.
Birdwatchers will find paradise here, with over 700 recorded bird species, including the elusive shoebill stork.
Things to Do in Virunga National Park
- Gorilla Trekking: The Park offers a unique opportunity to trek and observe mountain gorillas in their natural habitat.
The experience is both thrilling and humbling, providing insight into the daily lives of these gentle giants.
Volcano Hiking: For adventure seekers, hiking up Mount Nyiragongo is an unforgettable experience.
The strenuous trek takes about 5–6 hours and culminates in a breathtaking view of the glowing lava lake at the summit.
There is an option to camp overnight on the volcano’s rim, allowing for a magical night under the stars with the red glow of the lava lake below.
Bird Watching and Wildlife Safaris: The diversity of habitats within the park supports a wide range of wildlife and bird species.
Guided tours offer an excellent opportunity to spot rare birds, track wildlife, and learn about the park’s unique ecosystems.
Chimpanzee Habituation Experience: Visitors can join researchers in the Tongo Forest to learn about and observe chimpanzees as they go about their day.
This experience offers a rare chance to understand these intelligent creatures closely.
Cultural Experiences: Engage with the local communities living around the park, learn about their traditional ways of life, and understand their role in conserving this extraordinary landscape.
Conservation Efforts and Challenges
Virunga National Park is at the forefront of conservation efforts in Africa. The park is managed by the Congolese Institute for Nature Conservation (ICCN) in partnership with the Virunga Foundation.
Despite being in a region affected by conflict and political instability, Virunga has made significant strides in wildlife protection, community engagement, and sustainable development.
However, the park faces numerous challenges including poaching, deforestation, and pressure from human settlements.
The discovery of oil reserves beneath the park has further complicated conservation efforts. The park remains committed to protecting its unique wildlife and ecosystems.
With various initiatives aimed at promoting eco-tourism, providing jobs and reducing local dependence on illegal activities.
Best Time to Visit Virunga National Park
The best time to visit Virunga National Park is during the dry seasons from June to September and December to February.
These months offer more favorable trekking conditions, with less rain and clearer trails. However, the park can be visited year-round and the rainy season brings its own beauty with lush landscapes and fewer tourists.
So, pack your bags, lace up your boots, and prepare for a life-changing journey into the heart of Africa’s oldest national park!
